The postal rule applies to any communications of assent to a contract by third parties under the Contract (Rights of Third Parties) Act 1999. True or false?

What are the elements for determining whether a mandatory injunction should be granted? (Four answers)

What kinds of clauses cannot be void for unfairness under the Consumer Rights Act 2015?

Dennis owes Maureen £1000. He asks her if she will discharge the debt if he gives her his car, which is worth £800. Maureen agrees because she loves the car. Has Dennis provided consideration for Maureen's promise to discharge the debt?

For the purposes of demonstrating consideration under the rule in Williams v Roffey Bros, which of the following constitute a practical benefit?

What are the three requirements of frustration?

Kefka and Lenne enter into a business contract for the benefit of Celes, expressly granting her rights to sue for breach under the Contract (Rights of Third Parties) Act 1999. The contract also provides that both Kefka and Lenne can rely on a particular exclusion clause if they are sued for negligence by Celes. Lenne breaches the contract in a way which triggers this exclusion clause. Can Celes succeed in a claim against Lenne?

Arthur contracts for a private car from Celestine, stressing that he needs to arrive before three o'clock. He does not explain the reason why, which is that if he is late he will miss a meeting with an important client and lose a valuable deal. Celestine drives painfully slowly and does not get Arthur to his destination on time. Arthur loses the deal. Can Arthur recover damages for the lost contract?

How can an offeror validly withdraw their offer?

If a contract is voidable, can either party rely on its terms?

Alice contracts Bill to install new fans in her restaurant. Bill completes the work late, causing Alice considerable stress. Can Alice recover damages for her stress?

Complete this sentence: Damages are assessed according to the circumstances existing...

If the innocent party terminates the contract in response to a breach, this renders the contract void. True or false?

What two elements will the courts consider when determining whether an exclusion clause covers negligent breach in cases where the clause does not explicitly mention negligence?

Pierre agrees to buy a priceless painting from Sophie to display in his house, for several million pounds. He does not intend to pay. Sophie is now saying that she will refuse to hand over the painting. Can Pierre obtain an order for specific performance?

Annabelle tells the swim team she is coaching that she will give £500 to the first of them that swims the English Channel. Ricardo begins swimming the English Channel the next day, but before he can finish Annabelle changes her mind and says she will not pay. Has Annabelle revoked her unilateral offer?

Sean offers to sell his collection of nerdy T-Shirts to Chris, for £40. Chris accepts, saying that his father will provide the money. Have Sean and Chris both provided consideration?

Alice contracts Bill to install new fans in her restaurant. Bill completes the work defectively, causing a fan to fall on Alice's head. She suffers a brain injury and develops depression as a result. Can Alice recover damages for her mental illness and emotional distress?

Frederick is Manuel's employee. One day, Frederick is told by Manuel that he needs him to take on some work which goes beyond his employment duties. Frederick is reluctant, but Manuel tells him that if he does it, Manuel will pay Frederick double. Frederick accepts. Has Frederick provided consideration for the extra payment?

A party to the contract purports to terminate the contract because of the defendant's breach. They give an invalid reason for terminating, but unbeknownst to them, the defendant has committed some other breach which entitles the innocent party to terminate. Is the innocent party in repudiatory breach because of their actions?

Ishtar contracts with Kefka to manage his employees, who are all former convicts convicted of violent offences. The contract between the parties contains an exclusion clause which states that Ishtar is not liable for any personal injury which Kefka suffers as a result of the actions of his employees. Is this clause enforceable?

When can an offer be revoked?

The parties agree to a contract which makes provision for what will happen if a particular event happens. That event happens, and makes the contract impossible to perform. Does the defence of frustration apply?

Which four of the following scenarios normally involve an invitation to treat and not an offer?

For the purposes of unilateral mistake, when is a term 'vital' to the contract?

What three elements must an innocent party show to establish the defence of economic duress?

Is it a failure to mitigate to refuse to terminate a contract in response to a repudiatory breach, where this refusal leads to further loss?

What are the elements for determining whether a prohibitory injunction should be granted? (Three answers)

Rod advertises on a website saying he is looking to pay someone to look after his hamster for the weekend. Rosie responds, agreeing. The two draw up a written agreement, which includes a clause saying that it is binding in honour only. Is this agreement a valid contract?

What two conditions must be met before a transaction is void for unilateral mistake?

The parties have reached an agreement, but have not agreed on an important term such as the price. Is the contract void for uncertainty?

Does the postal rule apply to cases where an offeror is seeking to withdraw his offer?

The defence of frustration renders a contract voidable. True or false?

What factors indicate that an oral statement is a term of the contract? (Three answers)

Sophie hires Anne to install a storm drainage system in her garden. Anne's work is defective, meaning that it does not drain water properly. That summer, an unexpected storm hits and causes considerable water damage to Sophie's garden. The storm was not forecast, and is described in the media as a 'freak' occurrence. Anne argues that the storm was an unforeseeable act of nature, meaning that her breach did not cause Sophie's loss. Is Anne correct?

When the courts imply a term in law, they are seeking to give effect to the parties' intentions. True or false?

Specific proof is required to demonstrate intention to be legally bound where the parties have a family or social relationship. True or false?

Annabelle tells the swim team she is coaching that she will give £500 to the first member of the team that swims the English Channel. Ricardo, one of the team members, is not present. The next day he decides to swim the English Channel for fun, not knowing about Annabelle's offer. If he completes the challenge, is Annabelle bound to pay him the money?

When is a liquidated damages clause void under the penalty clause rule?

Kefka hires Lenne as an employee to help manage her business. The employment contract includes a clause stating that any breach of contract claim against Kefka may not include a claim for an injunction. Is this clause subject to the requirement of reasonableness under the Unfair Contract Clause Act 1977?

Can the innocent party prove that a misrepresentation caused them to enter the contract if they had the opportunity to verify the statement, but did not?

What is the parol evidence rule?

When establishing the defence of undue influence, how does the claimant demonstrate 'Type 2B' presumed influence?

What two matters must the defendant prove to establish promissory estoppel?

Erica is a software programmer who was contracted to develop systems for Herbert's business. She begins to have money troubles, and asks Herbert for the extra £100 she needs to complete the project on time. Herbert accepts, because if delivery is late he will be liable to pay damages to a third-party. Has Erica provided consideration for the extra money?

In which three scenarios can an exclusion or limitation clause be incorporated into a contract at common law?

Can undue influence be demonstrated in cases where the parties had no relationship prior to the transaction?

ABC Bank is advancing money to a debtor. An individual tells the bank that they wish to act as a guarantor or surety for that debt. The debtor has unduly influenced this individual. When is the bank taken to have constructive notice of the presence of undue influence in the transaction?

In which three scenarios must an exclusion or limitation clause satisfy the requirement of reasonableness under the Unfair Contract Terms Act 1977 before it can be enforced?

Julie offers to pay Ophelia a £1000 allowance in exchange for her continued affection. Ophelia agrees. Have both parties provided consideration?