What two elements must the prosecution establish to convict a defendant of an offence under section 20 of the Offences Against the Person Act 1861?

In which of the following situations is consent to a sex act irrebuttably presumed to be absent? (Two answers)

Camilla is fed up with her partner, Adrian. She deliberately winds them up to let off some steam. She knows there is a risk that Adrian will become seriously violent if she does this, but is past the point of caring. When Adrian becomes violent, Camilla draws a knife and stabs them. Does Camilla have a qualifying trigger for when she tries to establish the defence of loss of control?

Josephine commits a crime involuntarily because of a hyperglycemic episode. Which defence would you advise her to rely on?

When determining whether a sober and reasonable person would have succumbed to a duress, what characteristics of the defendant is the hypothetical person given?

In which two scenarios will an act of the victim in bringing about a proscribed consequence break the chain of causation between the defendant's acts or omissions and the consequence?

Caleb and Cassandra have a blazing argument about Cassandra's drug taking habit. Caleb hands Cassandra a needle full of heroin, and tells her to knock herself out, and that he won't help her again if she overdoses. Cassandra overdoses, and Caleb does nothing. Cassandra dies. Caleb is charged with unlawful act manslaughter. The prosecution rely on his supplying Cassandra drugs as the unlawful act. Will Caleb be found guilty?

What are the two elements of the defence of persons defence?

When is a defendant dishonest?

What three elements must the defendant show to rely on the defence of automatism?

What four elements must the prosecution prove to establish assault by penetration?

Liza purchases a car from Ricky, not realising or suspecting that it is stolen. Has she 'appropriated' the car?

Ellen is 17 years old but suffers from a developmental disorder which gives her the emotional maturity of a 7 year-old. Can she escape liability on the grounds that she lacks criminal responsibility?

What three elements must the prosecution prove to establish rape?

Which two are qualifying triggers for the loss of control defence?

Theresa is trying to break into a building. She uses a screwdriver to break a window, and during this process the screwdriver enters the building, but no part of Theresa's body does. For the purposes of establishing burglary, has Theresa entered the building?

The defendant dishonestly tricks the victim into writing him a cheque. The defendant provided consideration. The defendant has taken the cheque but not cashed it. What has the defendant stolen?

Emile procures Thomas to stab Rosie. Emile hopes that Rosie will die in the process. Thomas stabs Rosie with intention to wound her, and Rosie survives. Thomas is convicted under s.18 of the Offences Against the Person Act 1861. The prosecution seek to charge Emile as an accessory. What offence should Emile be charged as an accessory to?

Harold is randomly stopped in the street, holding a perfectly ordinary-looking, sealed package. He is asked whether there are drugs inside. Harold answers that he is not certain, because the package is not his and he found it at a bus-stop. However, Harold also says that he thinks it is likely that the package contains drugs because the wood elves in his garden told him so, and they don't often lie. The package is full of cocaine. The police want to charge him with an offence which stipulates that the defendant has reasonable grounds to suspect they possess drugs. Does Harold meet this criteria?

Cameron, Michael and John agree to confront Pamela about an affair they suspect she is having. They agree that if she admits to it, John will kill her and the others will help hide the body. However, they agree not to do anything if she does not admit to the affair. Have the three committed conspiracy to murder?

Jenny tells Joy that she is going to beat up Misty, and that Joy can watch if she likes. Joy comes along and watches Jenny beat up Misty, but does not take part. Can Joy be convicted as an accessory to battery?

When does a person 'possess' property for the purposes of theft?

Celestine owes a loan shark, Mia, a lot of money. On Sunday night, Mia tells her that if Celestine does not pay her back by Monday morning she will kill her daughter. Celestine tries to get help from the police, but they tell her they do not believe her. Celestine then robs a local corner store to get the money to pay back Mia, but is caught soon after and arrested. Can Mia rely on the defence of duress?

The prosecution is trying to establish unlawful act manslaughter against the defendant. While the defendant admits to committing the unlawful act, they argue that their unlawful act was not directed against the victim, but against the victim's property. The defendant foresaw that the victim might be injured by his act. Are the prosecution likely to succeed?

Amanda and Kevin are both 15 years old, but Amanda tells Kevin she is 16 and Kevin believes her because she looks older. Amanda tells Kevin she would like to have sex with him, and he agrees. They have sex. Has Kevin committed one of the sexual offences against a child under 16?

Jessie hopes that James will murder Ash. She leaves a knife by his bed, hoping this will encourage him to do the deed. James was planning to murder Ash anyway, but when he sees the knife he decides he will use it. James murders Ash with the knife. Is Jessie an accessory to murder?

Micah is charged with stealing drugs from a pharmacist. They rely on the defence of duress, arguing that they were under the threat of serious injury or death as they were withdrawing heavily from medication at the time. Is the defence likely to succeed?

Omar takes prescription medicine for depression. One day, he has a rare reaction to the medicine which causes him to involuntarily commit a criminal offence. The prosecution argue that he cannot rely on the defence of automatism, because he voluntarily took the medicine which caused the automatism. Will this argument succeed?

Yulia shoots Mia in the abdomen, causing Mia to go into early labour. The child is born alive, but dies a few days due to complications from the premature birth. Yulia intended to kill Mia. Has Yulia committed murder against the baby?

To be convicted of attempting to commit an offence, what mens rea must the defendant have?

Patrick teaches a form of high-speed, high intensity dancing. There is a known risk that dancers may be injured during these dances. During a dance, Yula accidentally kicks Patrick in the chest, causing a rib to break. She is charged with an offence under section 20 of the Offences Against the Person Act 1861. Can she rely on the defence of consent?

Olaf shoots at Elsa with a rifle, intending to kill her. He misses and breaks an ice sculpture. Can Olaf's mens rea against Elsa be used to complete the offence of criminal damage?

Daphne is a doctor who is treating Gillian for a terminal disease. Gillian is in considerable pain and asks for morphine. Daphne agrees and gives him a dose which causes him to die several days before he would otherwise. When questioned by police, she says she was just trying to help his pain and did not want him to die, though she knew that it was certain that he would. Has Daphne committed murder?

Which of the following three structures could constitute a building for the purposes of the burglary offence?

What are the three elements of the defence of duress?

For the purposes of theft, is there an appropriation if the defendant has the owner's permission to interact with the property?

Rape is a crime of basic intent. True or false?

Which of the following three scenarios cannot constitute an assault?

Can a defendant be convicted of destroying or damaging property with intent to endanger life if no-one's life is actually endangered?

What must the prosecution demonstrate to show one of the sexual offences against children under 16?

Tyrion shoots an air-rifle at Circe. Circe is killed because of her weak heart. A healthy person would not have died. Is Tyrion a legal cause of Circe's death?

Can a person be liable as an accessory if the primary defendant is not guilty of a criminal offence?

Amanda and Kevin are both 12 years old, but Amanda tells Kevin she is 16 and Kevin believes her. Amanda tells Kevin she would like to have sex with him, and he agrees. They have sex. Has Kevin committed rape of a child under 13?

Jessie knows that Ash is a serial killer. She hopes to get her own back on her brother James, and encourages Ash to kill James when he next goes hunting. Ash agrees. One night, Ash coincidentally encounters James, but does not recognise him. Ash murders James. Can Jessie be convicted as an accessory to James' murder?

For the purposes of theft, can a defendant be convicted for stealing property he owns?

What must the prosecution prove to establish factual causation?

What additional element must the prosecution show to establish aggravated burglary (as opposed to normal burglary)?

Most criminal offences can be committed by omission. True or false?

Celia falls out of the window of her 8th storey apartment. When she passes the 4th storey window, she is hit by a bullet fired by William and killed instantly. It was certain that Celia would have died on hitting the ground. Did William cause Celia's death?

What three elements must the prosecution prove to establish intentionally causing sexual activity?