What is the age of criminal responsibility in England and Wales?

What three elements must the prosecution prove to establish intentionally causing sexual activity?

Laura has severe depression. Peter makes fun of her, telling her if she is so depressed she should go kill herself. She has a fit of anger and kills him. At trial for murder, she relies on the defence of loss of control. Can the jury take into account her depression when assessing whether the defence is established?

Which of the following four scenarios are exceptions to the rule that bodily harm cannot be consented to?

Harley has vaginal sex with Arthur. She knows that he is not consenting. Which offence has Harley committed?

Can a defendant be convicted of destroying or damaging property with intent to endanger life if no-one's life is actually endangered?

What four elements must the prosecution prove to establish assault by penetration?

Roger intentionally damages a piece of government property (a coal-burning oven) while protesting climate change. When charged with criminal damage, he argues he has lawful excuse, because climate change is destroying the planet and he needs to draw attention to the issue. Will this defence succeed?

Celestine is driving when she feels the onset of a hypoglycemic episode. She is not able to pull over in time before the episode starts. She is barely in control of her body, but is able to move the steering wheel a little and as a result is able to avoid hitting pedestrians. She eventually collides with a tree. Can Celestine rely on the defence of automatism in relation to any criminal offence she is charged with?

For the prosecution to prove robbery, must there be an assault?

Section 20 of the Offences Against the Person Act 1861 is a crime of specific intent. True or false?

Caleb is a prison officer who works transferring violent and unstable prisoners between institutions. During one transfer, one of the prisoners, Dale, commits battery against Caleb. At trial, Dale argues that Caleb consented to the touching since he knew the risks involved in the job and took that risk. Will Dale's consent defence succeed?

When establishing self-defence or defence of others, can the defendant rely on any mistaken beliefs as to the circumstances that are the result of his being voluntarily intoxicated?

What is the mens rea of criminal damage?

What two elements must the prosecution prove to show battery?

Harley and Arthur are having sex. After vaginal penetration, Harley decides she wants to stop and tells Arthur to stop. Arthur does not stop, and later argues that what he did was not rape because Harley consented to the initial penetration. Is this argument correct?

Lauren steals a car from Celestine and sells it to Ricky, who is unaware the car is stolen. Ricky then sells and gives the car to Julie, who does know the car was originally stolen from Celestine. Has Julie committed the offence of handling stolen goods?

For the purposes of gross negligence manslaughter, what facts may the jury take into account when determining whether there was an obvious and serious risk of death?

Alfred is a doctor treating Zin, a comatose patient. He turns off her life support machine, and she dies due an inability to breathe unassisted. Has Alfred killed Zin by an act or an omission?

A defendant agrees with another person to commit a criminal offence. In what circumstances will this not amount to criminal conspiracy?

What must the prosecution prove to establish factual causation?

Camilla wants to kill her partner, Adrian. She deliberately winds them up, knowing that it will cause them to become violent. When Adrian become violent, Camilla draws a knife and stabs them. Camilla tells police that Adrian is normally very seriously violent when they start a fight. Does Camilla have a qualifying trigger for when she tries to establish the defence of loss of control?

Cameron, Michael and John agree to confront Pamela about an affair they suspect she is having. They agree that if she admits to it, John will kill her and the others will help hide the body. However, they agree not to do anything if she does not admit to the affair. Have the three committed conspiracy to murder?

Leo is trying to escape a burning building. The only way out is up a ladder, but that ladder is being blocked by Gareth. Gareth is frozen in fear and cannot move out of the way to let Leo pass, nor can he move up the ladder. Because they will both die if Leo does nothing, Leo pulls Gareth off the ladder, causing him to fall to his death. He is later charged with Gareth's murder. Is the defence of necessity available to him?

In which of the following situations is consent to a sex act irrebuttably presumed to be absent? (Two answers)

In which of the following three scenarios does the defendant owe a duty to act?

For the purposes of the Theft Act offences, when is a piece of property 'appropriated'?

People are under a duty to retreat rather than use force in self-defence is they are able. True or false?

For the purposes of the defence of insanity, a disease of the mind includes mental illnesses and not physical illnesses. True or false?

Can a drunk person consent to a sexual act?

The actus reus and mens rea of an offence do not need to coincide. True or false?

Jessie knows that Ash is a serial killer. She hopes to get her own back on her brother James, and encourages Ash to kill James when he next goes hunting. Ash agrees. One night, Ash coincidentally encounters James, but does not recognise him. Ash murders James. Can Jessie be convicted as an accessory to James' murder?

Olaf shoots at Elsa with a rifle, intending to kill her. He misses and breaks an ice sculpture. Can Olaf's mens rea against Elsa be used to complete the offence of criminal damage?

For the purposes of the offence of threats to destroy or damage property, must the victim interpret the defendants actions as a threat?

Theresa enters Richard's house, intending to steal his jewellery. Once inside, she encounters Richard, and panics, picking up a nearby knife. Should Theresa be charged with ordinary burglary or aggravated burglary?

Emmy stabs at Ricky with a blunt kitchen knife. The attack tears the top layer of Ricky's skin off and causes horrific bruising. Has Emmy wounded Ricky?

For the purposes of the offence of possessing articles for fraud, the defendant does not need to physically possess the article. True or false?

To convict a defendant of 'procuring' an offence, the prosecution must prove that the defendant caused the offence to happen. True or false?

Can an offence of strict liability form the basis of constructive manslaughter?

To establish the mens rea of burglary, the prosecution must show that:

Jessie hopes that James will murder Ash. She leaves a knife by his bed, hoping this will encourage him to do the deed. James was planning to murder Ash anyway, but when he sees the knife he decides he will use it. James murders Ash with the knife. Is Jessie an accessory to murder?

Can a pure opinion be a representation for the purposes of fraud?

Psychiatric illness cannot constitute grievous bodily harm. True or false?

What three elements must be shown to establish the defence of necessity?

What must the prosecution demonstrate to show one of the sexual offences against children under 16?

Tina breaks into a safe, intending to steal anything inside which is valuable. When she gets into the safe, she sees that its contents are worthless. She takes nothing. She is charged with attempted theft. Is she guilty of this offence?

For the purposes of theft, is there an appropriation if the defendant has the owner's permission to interact with the property?

Lucy, Theo and Marius were trapped in a sinking ship. To buy time pending the arrival of a rescue vessel, Lucy threw Theo overboard. Theo drowned. Lucy has been charged with murdering Theo. She proves that if she did not kill Theo, the ship would have sunk and she and Marius would have died. Can she rely on the defence of necessity?

Josephine commits a crime involuntarily because of a hyperglycemic episode. Which defence would you advise her to rely on?

Omar takes prescription medicine for depression. One day, he has a rare reaction to the medicine which causes him to involuntarily commit a criminal offence. The prosecution argue that he cannot rely on the defence of automatism, because he voluntarily took the medicine which caused the automatism. Will this argument succeed?