Can a person be convicted as an accessory on the basis of joint enterprise?

Celestine is a school nurse. Mark, a seventeen-year-old, is brought in with a suspected case of tonsillitis. Mark is sulking, so he refuses to let Celestine have a look inside his mouth. She threatens to 'belt him' if he does not comply. Mark knows that school staff have hit students before, so he reluctantly allows her to look in his mouth and touch the inside with tools. Celestine is charged with battery, and argues that she has the defence of consent because Mark allowed her to do what she did. Will this defence succeed?

Camilla is fed up with her partner, Adrian. She deliberately winds them up to let off some steam. She knows there is a risk that Adrian will become seriously violent if she does this, but is past the point of caring. When Adrian becomes violent, Camilla draws a knife and stabs them. Does Camilla have a qualifying trigger for when she tries to establish the defence of loss of control?

When establishing fraud by false representation, the prosecution must show that the victim was deceived by the false representation. True or false?

Can an adult be convicted of being an accessory to a crime committed by a child under the age of criminal responsibility?

A defendant is on trial for murder. They are relying on the defence of loss of control. Part of the reason they killed the victim is that they discovered the victim was cheating on them. Can the jury take this into account?

Amanda creates a program designed to steal money from banking websites. She sets the program in motion. Before any money is taken from the banks, Amanda changes her mind. She calls the bank and warns them of the cyber-attack, allowing them to stop the program. Can Amanda be convicted of attempting to commit an offence?

Can a drunk person consent to a sexual act?

Is duress a defence to murder?

Which of the following would be classed as actual bodily harm?

Can an offence of strict liability form the basis of constructive manslaughter?

Is consent normally a defence to an offence which causes bodily harm?

Michael threatens Adrian that he will reveal sensitive information if Adrian does not have sex with him. Has Michael committed blackmail?

What three elements must the prosecution prove to establish intentionally causing sexual activity?

James, Jessie and Ash are in an argument. James draws a gun, and Jessie shouts at him to shoot Ash. James shoots at Ash, but misses and hits Misty. Misty dies instantly. Can Jessie be convicted as an accessory to murder?

Theresa enters Richard's house, intending to steal his jewellery. Once inside, she encounters Richard, and panics, picking up a nearby knife. Should Theresa be charged with ordinary burglary or aggravated burglary?

What two elements must the prosecution prove to show battery?

To be convicted of attempting to commit an offence, what mens rea must the defendant have?

Paul knowingly makes a statement to Joanne, attempting to get Joanne to give him money. The statement is true and Paul believes it is true, but later it becomes false and he discovers this. Joanne hands over the money after Paul has discovered the fact is now false. Has Paul committed fraud by false representation?

Jessie hopes that James will murder Ash. She leaves a knife by his bed, hoping this will encourage him to do the deed. James was planning to murder Ash anyway, but when he sees the knife he decides he will use it. James murders Ash with the knife. Is Jessie an accessory to murder?

Cameron agrees to supply tools to allow Richard and Michael to break into a jewellery store and steal its contents. Cameron secretly thinks the other two are idiots, and that there is no chance that their plan will succeed. He is charged with conspiracy to commit burglary. Is he guilty?

For the purposes of the defence of insanity, a disease of the mind includes mental illnesses and not physical illnesses. True or false?

In which two scenarios will an act of the victim in bringing about a proscribed consequence break the chain of causation between the defendant's acts or omissions and the consequence?

Jessie and James plan to kill Ash. Jessie provides the weapon, and James does the deed. However, at trial James is found innocent by reason of insanity. Can Jessie be convicted as an accessory to murder?

The defendant has committed assault and battery against the victim. He argues that the victim consented. The defence can show that he honestly believed the victim consented, but it is clear that his belief was not reasonable. Does he have a defence?

For the purposes of the Theft Act offences, when is a piece of property 'appropriated'?

Patrick teaches a form of high-speed, high intensity dancing. There is a known risk that dancers may be injured during these dances. During a dance, Yula accidentally kicks Patrick in the chest, causing a rib to break. She is charged with an offence under section 20 of the Offences Against the Person Act 1861. Can she rely on the defence of consent?

Ellen is 17 years old but suffers from a developmental disorder which gives her the emotional maturity of a 7 year-old. Can she escape liability on the grounds that she lacks criminal responsibility?

What must the prosecution prove to establish factual causation?

Harold is arrested when he is found in possession of a strange package. He is asked whether there are drugs inside, and he answers 'yes'. The package turns out to be full of coriander, because Harold's roommate Claude stole all the drugs and replaced them with herbs before the arrest. Was Harold's state of mind one of knowledge or belief?

For the purposes of gross negligence manslaughter, what factors are relevant to determining whether the negligence was gross?

When is a defendant dishonest?

Lauren asks Raphael to burn some books she has in a compost bin in her back garden. Stephen goes to the garden, and realises that if he does so the fire is likely to spread in a way which would endanger the lives of some children playing next door. He does it anyway. When he is charged with criminal damage with intent to endanger life, he argues that he had a lawful excuse because he had the consent of the owner of the books to burn them. Will this argument succeed?

Can a pure opinion be a representation for the purposes of fraud?

Dee is charged with an offence with a mens rea of negligence. Which of her special characteristics can be attributed to the reasonable person?

What two elements must the prosecution prove to show assault?

Liza purchases a car from Ricky, not realising or suspecting that it is stolen. Has she 'appropriated' the car?

What kinds of offences can be the subject to liability for an attempt?

Yulia shoots Mia in the abdomen, causing Mia to miscarry her child. Yulia intended to kill Mia. Has Yulia committed murder against the baby?

Leo is trying to escape a burning building. The only way out is up a ladder, but that ladder is being blocked by Gareth. Gareth is frozen in fear and cannot move out of the way to let Leo pass, nor can he move up the ladder. Because they will both die if Leo does nothing, Leo pulls Gareth off the ladder, causing him to fall to his death. He is later charged with Gareth's murder. Is the defence of necessity available to him?

A defendant agrees with another person to commit a criminal offence. In what circumstances will this not amount to criminal conspiracy?

For the purposes of theft, is there an appropriation if the defendant has the owner's permission to interact with the property?

Alfred is a doctor treating Zin, a comatose patient. He turns off her life support machine, and she dies due an inability to breathe unassisted. Has Alfred killed Zin by an act or an omission?

Insanity is not a defence to an offence of negligence or strict liability. True or false?

Lacy burns down a house for insurance money, knowing that Eric is inside, tied to a bed and unable to escape. She claims she did not want Eric dead, but she knew he would certainly die and did not care enough to untie him first. Did Lacey intend to kill Eric?

For the purposes of theft, can there be an appropriation if the victim does not lose anything?

What additional element must the prosecution show to establish aggravated burglary (as opposed to normal burglary)?

Paul knowingly makes a statement to Joanne, believing it to be false and attempting to fool Joanne into giving him money. She hands over the money. The statement just happens to be true. Has Paul committed an offence?

What three elements must the prosecution prove to establish rape?

For the purposes of the defence of insanity, a disease of the mind may be caused by any internal or external trigger. True or false?